@article { author = {Moghadasali, Reza and Shekarchian, Soroosh and Hajinasrollah, Mostafa and Yousefian, Elham and Najarasl, Mostafa and Baharvand, Hossein and Aghdami, Nasser}, title = {Decellularized Kidney Scaffold Mediated Renal Regeneration in a Rhesus Macaque Mulatta Monkey Model}, journal = {Journal of Bioengineering Research}, volume = {1}, number = {4}, pages = {1-18}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Tissues and Biomaterial Research Group-(TBRG)}, issn = {2645-5633}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.22034/jbr.2019.208512.1014}, abstract = {Introduction: For regeneration of complex organs, such as the kidney, decellularized (DC) tissues are promising candidates that provide a neutral environment. Objective: We successfully DC rhesus monkey kidneys by perfusion of trypsin/EDTA, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), triton X-100, and peracetic acid/ethanol. Subsequently, we analysed the samples using quantitative and qualitative analysis. Methods: Histological staining, DNA quantification and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate cellular removal evaluation. Also, ECM architecture integrity of vascular tree was assessed by x-ray fluoroscopy. The biocompatibility properties of the DC kidney tissues were evaluated by the culture of human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK). To evaluate the renal function recovery, 30% of DC tissue was partially grafted into 70% of nephrectomized monkey kidney. Results: Perfusion-decellularization monkey kidneys retained their essential ECM architecture, intact vascular tree, and cellular compatibility ensured clearance of cellular material, which directly impacts immunoreactivity during transplantation. Quantitative assay and immunohistochemistry demonstrated preservation of native expression patterns and integrity of ECM components, including glycosaminoglycan (GAG), collagen, fibronectin, elastin, and laminin. Also, x-ray fluoroscopy confirmed the integrity and patency of vascular network. Sonography and CT scan images showed significant recovery of renal function after partial transplantation. Histological analysis confirmed increases in renal size and regeneration. Conclusion: Monkey kidneys could be efficiently decellularized by our novel perfusion-decellularization protocol that can be scaled up for use in human organs. This method represents a step towards development of a transplantable organ using tissue engineering techniques.}, keywords = {Decellularized,Kidney,engineering,Regeneration,Scaffold}, url = {https://www.journalbe.com/article_97268.html}, eprint = {https://www.journalbe.com/article_97268_4f2b40da58faa726dd9b46fed0b6df6f.pdf} } @article { author = {Esmaeili Khoshmardan, Hadi and Askari Moghadam, Reza}, title = {Enhancing Capillary Force in Glass Microfluidics Devices for Bioengineering Applications}, journal = {Journal of Bioengineering Research}, volume = {1}, number = {4}, pages = {19-28}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Tissues and Biomaterial Research Group-(TBRG)}, issn = {2645-5633}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.22034/jbr.2019.212115.1017}, abstract = {Microfluidic devices have been grown dramatically in recent years. They are widely used in the different fields like biomedicine, cell manipulation, inkjet print heads, molecular biology and DNA analysis. The most important advantages of microfluidic devices are low energy consumption, high precision, low time and low cost. These benefits depend on the performance of fluid motion in microchannels. The major disadvantage of microchannels fabricated on glass or silicon is lack of surface wettability. The fabricated microchannels on glass and silicon substrates cannot transfer water based fluids by surface tension force and usually an external pump is needed to provide enough force to push the fluid along the micro channel. Most of the bio research and applications related to microfluidic devices are working on bio materials which are soluble in water. For bio applications usually it is essential to fabricate hydrophil microstructures while silicon and glass are not hydrophil. Silicon and glass are the most important substrates which are used for MEMS and microfluidic fabrication. In this paper nano rods are proposed to cover micro channel internal surface in order to enhance hydrophilicity of microfluidic structure. COMSOL is considered as simulation software which is used for simulating fluid motion in microchannels. For evaluation of simulated structure, a star microfluidic structure is fabricated on glass substrate and fluid movement in channels is investigated by experimental setup. The simulated and experimental results show that fabrication of TiO2 nano rod on internal surface of microchannels would increase capillary force.}, keywords = {Nano rod coating,Capillary force,Hydrophilicity,biofluidics}, url = {https://www.journalbe.com/article_99372.html}, eprint = {https://www.journalbe.com/article_99372_525ab1636f30e27361d01c7c55aa0328.pdf} } @article { author = {Nikfarjam, Alireza and Raji, Hassan and Hashemi, Mir Mahdi}, title = {Label-free impedance-based detection of encapsulated single cells in droplets in low cost and transparent microfluidic chip}, journal = {Journal of Bioengineering Research}, volume = {1}, number = {4}, pages = {29-37}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Tissues and Biomaterial Research Group-(TBRG)}, issn = {2645-5633}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.22034/jbr.2019.209410.1015}, abstract = {This study reports a label-free impedance-based detection of cells inside picoliter droplets. The fabricated fully PMMA micro-chip consists of a double-T junction channel in order to generate same sized droplets for increasing volume fraction and pairs of gold-sputtered differential coplanar electrodes for impedimetric analysis. When same-sized droplets containing cells pass through differential electrodes due to an instant change in electrical impedance, output voltage encounters a significant peak. First we succeeded in generation of same sized droplets. According to our output signal data, an acceptable label free electrical detection of cells inside droplets is obtained. This detection was due to differentiates between empty and non-empty droplets. Moreover we stepped forward in obtaining additional data of cells encapsulated in droplets like number, morphology and size. Furthermore, this electrical approach is in line with development of integrated LOC devices that deals with detection of cells. In this paper, we detected Jurkat cells with an average diameter of 13 µm using less than 80µm droplets by the impedance detection technique in the microfluidic channels. When a droplet passes through the electrodes, the amplitude of output voltage increases. Results showed that droplets with encapsulated Jurkat cell have 1.24% higher output voltage amplitude (320 mV) comparing with empty droplets (260 mV). Our simple fabricated transparent chip has the capability of detection 3 to 4 droplets per second containing living cells through label free characterization according to the size of cells inside droplets.}, keywords = {Droplets Encapsulation,Micro Impedance Cytometry,Cell Detection,Droplet Counting}, url = {https://www.journalbe.com/article_97269.html}, eprint = {https://www.journalbe.com/article_97269_0b3c340977b3e1bb0713264d38098ccd.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahani, Elnaz and Aidun, Amir}, title = {Neurological toxicity of nanomaterials in the brain: Hazard effects of these materials in the central nervous system}, journal = {Journal of Bioengineering Research}, volume = {1}, number = {4}, pages = {38-44}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Tissues and Biomaterial Research Group-(TBRG)}, issn = {2645-5633}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.22034/jbr.2019.97271}, abstract = {}, keywords = {Nano biotechnology,Nanostructured materials (NMs),Neurotoxicity,blood–brain barrier (BBB),drug delivery system (DDS)}, url = {https://www.journalbe.com/article_97271.html}, eprint = {https://www.journalbe.com/article_97271_8ed24e2186eb8f99d3821e3844eab5b2.pdf} } @article { author = {Esmaeili, Sara and Abbasi, Faeze and hossein Abbasi, Mohammad and Eshraghi, Azadeh and Mirzaasgari, Zahra}, title = {Impact of pre-stroke metformin use on prognosis of Ischemic stroke; A pilot study}, journal = {Journal of Bioengineering Research}, volume = {1}, number = {4}, pages = {45-49}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Tissues and Biomaterial Research Group-(TBRG)}, issn = {2645-5633}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.22034/jbr.2019.97272}, abstract = {Introduction: Ischemic stroke can arise from many atherosclerotic events including diabetes mellitus, a worldwide challenge now a day. Many factors have been shown to be effective on improvement of clinical prognosis in diabetic patients with stroke including good glucose control achieves most commonly by Metformin consumption. Metformin is shown previously to decrease the rate of incidence of stroke in diabetic patients, but its effect on clinical prognosis and severity of ischemic stroke in diabetic patients who involve by ischemic stroke has not been evaluated unless in a few researches, making the current research purpose.   Method: 40 Diabetic patients who were involved by ischemic stroke were enrolled in our study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, placed equally 20 patients in each of the groups of our research, the former consisted of diabetic patients who were under glucose control by Metformin and the latter consisted of diabetic patients who were receiving other medications else than Metformin. At the day of stroke and at the end of a three months course, while patients were continuing the previous antidiabetic medical regimens during this course, clinical outcome and severity of diabetic stroke patients evaluated by MRSA and NIHSS respectively.   Results:  results showed no statistically significant difference between Metformin consumers and non-consumers in both initial and final MRS scores, means that there is no correlation between Metformin consumption and a better prognosis in diabetic patients with stroke. RTPA consumption were of value for improvement in patients final MRS score means a more favorable outcome.   Conclusion: Although Metformin therapy is known as a protective factor in diabetic patients decreasing the risk of ischemic stroke, probably by maintaining the normoglycemic state in patients, despite some previously performed studies results, here we have not found any clinically significant efficacy of Metformin in improvement of clinical outcome and lowering stroke severity in diabetic patients involved by ischemic brain stroke.}, keywords = {Stroke,Diabetes,Metformin,MRS, NIHSS}, url = {https://www.journalbe.com/article_97272.html}, eprint = {https://www.journalbe.com/article_97272_c72acbace7bccd1b66c7e927e5e264d2.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmadi, Amir Hossein and Nosrati, Hassan and Sarraf-Mamoory, Rasoul}, title = {Decreasing β- three calcium phosphate particle size using graphite as nucleation sites and diethylene glycol as a chemical additive}, journal = {Journal of Bioengineering Research}, volume = {1}, number = {4}, pages = {50-58}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Tissues and Biomaterial Research Group-(TBRG)}, issn = {2645-5633}, eissn = {}, doi = {10.22034/jbr.2019.211371.1016}, abstract = {Introduction: So far, several studies have been performed on nanosized β-TCP synthesis. In most of these studies, the results showed that the size of the synthesized particles was greater than 80 nm. Therefore, a change in process will be very useful if it results in a further reduction in particle size. Objective: The main objective of this study is to synthesize uniform nano-sized β-TCP/graphite powders using diethylene glycol to decrease the particles size. Material and Methods: The precipitation method was used in this study. The analysis performed in the sample includes X-ray diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and particle size mapping. Result: The findings of this study showed that the synthesized powders are less than 60 nm x 45 nm. The interface between (002) planes in graphite and (214) planes in β-TCP are coherent. The three major peaks are responsible for crystal growth of β-TCP include (015), (220), and (214). Conclusion: The powders synthesized in this research have the potential to be used in the medical applications.}, keywords = {β-TCP,Graphite,Nanoparticles,Nanocomposites}, url = {https://www.journalbe.com/article_99204.html}, eprint = {https://www.journalbe.com/article_99204_2294c6d06ae086fa5fa1e22821f07bad.pdf} }