Tissues and Biomaterial Research Group-(TBRG)Journal of Bioengineering Research2645-56331120190301Comparative Scale-Up Culture of Human Neural Progenitor Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cell and Transdifferentiated Human Foreskin Fibroblast under Defined Condition in Stirred Bioreactor1158442110.22034/jbr.2019.84421ENShiva NematiDepartment of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.Najmeh Sadat MasudiDepartment of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20190213<strong>Introduction</strong>: Generation of clinical grade human neural progenitor population is one of the great promises in stem cell biology which offers a unique opportunity in cell-based therapeutic product. Based on the large number of cells that needed in cell therapy studies, developing a robust bioprocess for large scale expansion of neural progenitors under defined conditions towards achieving clinical goals is a mandatory part before starting any trials.<br /> <br /> <strong>Objective</strong>: Here, we have developed a robust culture system for large scale expansion of human neural progenitor cells derived from human embryonic stem cells and transdifferentiated human foreskin fibroblast in defined medium.<br /> <strong>Material and Methods</strong>: Initially, a chemically defined medium have been developed for expansion of aforementioned cells under static suspension culture. Then, cells were successfully expanded in dynamic system by optimizing conditions such as medium volume, cell inoculation density, dissociation kinetics, aggregate formation and size growth. Results were assessed by immunofluorescent staining, Real-time PCR and karyotype analysis.<br /> <br /> <strong>Result</strong>: Cell aggregates were expanded up to ten passages and fold increase reached to 4.2 over a period of 5 days. Finally, after serial passaging of cells in suspension bioreactor, characterization of them in gene and protein expression levels were done in comparison with adherent expanded cells.<br /> <br /> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The result revealed that both expansion systems had same cellular quality and differentiation potencies. Therefore, we could expect to reach a large number of human neural progenitor cells within a few days and this would be a great promise for cell therapy purposes in neurodegenerative diseasesTissues and Biomaterial Research Group-(TBRG)Journal of Bioengineering Research2645-56331120190301Lack of Presence of VP2, VP6 or VP7 Transcripts in Virus Like Particles of Rotavirus16198318810.22034/jbr.2019.83188ENZabihollah ShojaVirology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-5617-5844Somayeh JalilvandVirology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-6390-8399Journal Article20190120<strong>Introduction</strong>: We previously established virus like particles (VLPs) and core like particles (CLPs) of rotavirus (RV) with VP2, VP6, and VP7 proteins using stable high-five cell line. Given the fact that these proteins have the ability to assemble together, we further aimed to examine in detail the possibility of viral transcripts to randomly package in VLPs and CLPs.<br /> <br /> <strong>Objective</strong>: For this purpose, the presence of VP2, VP6 and VP7 transcripts were evaluated in VLPs and CLPs.<br /> <br /> <strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: To investigate the presence of VP2 transcript in CLPs of RV and VP2, VP6 and VP7 transcripts in RV VLPs, RNAs were extracted from VLPs and CLPs purified from stable high-five cells and evaluated by Real-time Reverse Transcriptase (RT)-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).<br /> <br /> <strong>Results</strong>: The result indicated that the RV VLPs and CLPs were empty (VP2, VP6 and VP7 transcripts-free), showing that VLPs and CLPs cannot encapsidate RNAs in absence of other viral proteins.<br /> <br /> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Our results indicate the necessity of further viral proteins for sorting and packaging, which highlight the role of selective mechanism for RV packaging.Tissues and Biomaterial Research Group-(TBRG)Journal of Bioengineering Research2645-56331120190301Molecular and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Kaposi’s Sarcoma Patients20268422510.22034/jbr.2019.84225ENSomayeh JalilvandDepartment of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranZahra Safaie-NaraghiRazi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranZabihollah ShojaVirology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-5617-5844Journal Article20190102<strong>Introduction:</strong> Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a neoplasm involving blood and lymphatic vessels that has been characterized in four different clinical and epidemiological forms (classic, endemic, iatrogenic and epidemic). KS incidence is reported low in the general population of Iran while it is reported high among Iranian renal transplant recipients.<br /> <br /> <strong>Objective:</strong> There are only some studies regarding the epidemiological and clinical features of KS in Iranian renal transplant recipients, but no reports are available on classic KS.<br /> <br /> <strong><strong>Materials and Methods</strong>:</strong> Present study intended to assess retrospectively the demographic and clinical features of 44 KS patients referred to the Razi Hospital in Tehran from 2000 to 2009. It also intended to detect human herpesvirus 8 to confirm the KS histological diagnosis.<br /> <br /> <strong>Results</strong><strong>:</strong> In these series of patients, 77.3% were male and 22.7% were female. There was a male predominance with a ratio of 3.4/1. Classic, epidemic and iatrogenic KS are found in 40 (90.9%), 2 (4.55%) and 2 (4.55%) of patients, respectively. The mean age was 62.87 among 40 patients with classic KS. In most cases (93.2%), KS was limited to the skin, without mucosal, lymph node or visceral manifestations. KS lesions mainly localized to the skin of extremities, particularly lower extremities. HHV-8 antigen and genome was detected in all samples.<br /> <br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study showed that the picture of KS is similar to previous reports in our region. Also, our results confirmed the pathological diagnosis of KS cases in our study group.Tissues and Biomaterial Research Group-(TBRG)Journal of Bioengineering Research2645-56331120190301A promising Stimuli-Responsive nanocomposite as a Theranostic agent for Targeted Delivery27368439410.22034/jbr.2019.84394ENNavid RabieeDivision of Chemistry and Diseases, Advanced Technologies Research Group, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-6945-8541Mohammad RabieeBiomaterial Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-1180-8729Journal Article20190214<strong>Introduction</strong>: A range of strategies for eliminate the cancer tissue have been used, consisting of medical operation, chemo and radiotherapy.<br /> <br /> <strong>Objective</strong>: There is a significant issue about chemotherapy, the medications targeted delivery to object tissue cells is found challengeable because of the presence of numerous physical obstructions.<br /> <br /> <strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: In the present study, we synthesized and characterized a novel and promising specific pH-stimuli-responsive tumor-targeted DDS. The synthesized magnetic nanoparticles (Nanocomposite) were fully characterized by FESEM, TEM, DLS, XRD and VSM.<br /> <br /> <strong>Results</strong>: The morphology of Nanocomposite are acquired in semi-spherical shape with the specified diameters. The Capsaicin was successfully loaded Nanocomposite represented promising and admissible biocompatibility as well as showing higher toxicity versus SK-N-MC cells in comparison with control group.<br /> <br /> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Furthermore, uptake investigation proved that the effectively internalized Drug Delivery System (DDS). In addition, the in vitro assay represented that the synthesized Nanocomposite can act nearly fully pH stimuli-responsive and release the Capsaicin at controlled condition. MTT assay verified the higher toxicity of Capsaicin loaded into the Nanocomposite in comparison with the control group. MRI in vitro investigation demonstrated that the prepared Nanocomposite can utilized as MRI imaging agent.Tissues and Biomaterial Research Group-(TBRG)Journal of Bioengineering Research2645-56331120190301Investigation the production rate of anti-Streptococcus mutans immunoglobulin Y in serum and egg yolk of hens37418439510.22034/jbr.2019.84395ENPayam Ghasemi-DehkordiCellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IranAli SharifzadehDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, IranMohammad BagherianFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, IranShahin RamaziCellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, IranJournal Article20190217<strong>ntroduction: </strong><em>Streptococcus mutans</em> (<em>S. mutans</em>) is a Gram-positive bacterium that lives in the mouth and contributes in to the formation of dental caries. Production and evaluation of hens egg yolk and serum antibodies in poultry industry are important.<br /> <strong>Objectives:</strong> The serum and egg yolk of immunized hens were evaluated for producing of anti-<em>S. mutans</em> immunoglobulin Y (IgY).<br /> <br /> <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A booster injection was performed 10 days after the initial infusion for producing of anti-<em>S. mutans </em>IgY. The effects of anti-<em>S. mutans </em>IgY antibody was detected in serum and egg yolk samples of immunized hens were evaluated by broth dilution. Finally, the tube agglutination test was used for the detection of <em>S. mutans </em>antigens in serums and eggs yolk. Sixteen days after initial immunization, IgY concentration was reached to maximum range.<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>The tube agglutination test was showed IgY against whole cell antigen of <em>S. mutans</em> at 1:8 antibody titration. A 25 μg/mL of IgY was completely inhibited the growth of <em>S. mutans</em> and immunization against <em>S. mutans</em> by IgY that obtained from serums and eggs yolk of immunized hens. The results were showed this concentration was significant and more effective and can decrease the growth of this bacterium in its culture compare to normal antibodies obtained from unimmunized hens (<em>p</em><0.05).<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Anti-<em>S. mutans</em> IgY antibody which obtained from immunized hens decrease the bacterial growth rate and it could help to detect tooth decay and treating dental caries caused by this bacterium.Tissues and Biomaterial Research Group-(TBRG)Journal of Bioengineering Research2645-56331120190301Three Dimensional Evaluation of a Dental Implant in Different Angles by Finite Element Method42538442210.22034/jbr.2019.84422ENSamaneh NematiFaculty of Science and Medical Technologies, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran, Tehran, IranSiamak KhorramymehrFaculty of Science and Medical Technologies, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,Journal Article20190203<strong>Introduction: </strong>Recently, teeth drawbacks, which account a source of discomfort for people and also decrease self-confident among them, can be correct with dental implants. <strong> </strong><br /> <strong>Objective:</strong> In this paper, precise modeling of the various geometric sections for a dental implant (number 5) is performed.<br /> <br /> <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The rate of loading on the dental implant is variability considered in three angles of 0, 15 and 25 degrees at a time interval of 0 to 1 seconds to apply a force similar to the chewing cycle. By examining the stress and strain patterns in the spongy, components, fixture, spongiform, buccal and lingual bones a model is employed in order to obtain the exact distribution of stress and strain within the bone and the angled abutment.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> According to the obtained results, the angle of 25 degrees is an ideal model in the dental implant. These results also indicate that the areas around the buccal and lingual neck are more susceptible to damage in the location of the attachment to the fixture.<br /> <strong>Conclusions:</strong> We will see a lot of bone resorption after a long time due to the increase in stress and strain in the compact bones and bone formation. Whereas in spongy bone, unlike compress bone, low stress results in a very high strain that is ideal and declines the bone resorption. The increase of the angle enlarges stress in the fixture that it is important not only for choosing the implant model but also the quality of the implant so that it can withstand high stress.Tissues and Biomaterial Research Group-(TBRG)Journal of Bioengineering Research2645-56331120190301Curcumin-encapsulated polysaccharide nanocomposite: Formulation design, Optimization and Characterization54628576210.22034/jbr.2019.174252.1006ENShabnam JahanizadehApplied Chemistry, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, IranMahdieh ChegenyDepartment of Chemistry, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University, Borujerd, IranJournal Article20190210<strong>Introduction</strong>: Nano systems have gained great attention due to many unique physicochemical characteristics, such as high-capacity for loading of cargo, high stability and ability to entrap both hydrophobic and hydrophilic therapeutics.<br /> <strong>Objective</strong>: In this research, with the aim of improve the loading efficiency and particle size Chitosan (CS)-Montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposite were prepared.<br /> <strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: Cs-MMT nanocomposite were prepared using an ionic gelatinization method for controlled delivery of curcumin and optimized via response surface method. Different formulation and processing variables (Cs concentration, MMT percentage, surfactant concentration, drug amount and sonication time) were used to determine the optimal formulation.<br /> <strong>Results</strong>: Two parameters of polysaccharide concentration and tween volume were selected to obtain optimal formulation with highest loading efficiency and minimum particle size. Polysaccharide concentration, surfactant concentration and sonication time had higher effect on particle size. MMT addition significantly enhanced the entrapment efficiency of Curcumin. Also, the increase in drug amount (mg/ml) resulted in the increase in entrapment efficiency. Physicochemical characteristics of optimal formulation were determined in terms of entrapment efficiency, release profile, Size, Zeta potential, surface morphology.<br /> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Formulation S1 with a particle size of 97 nm, a loading efficiency of 91% and a Zeta potential of 37.2 mV was selected as the optimal formulation. The in vitro release study showed that Curcumin had a slow and sustained release profile at basic pH 7.4, which significantly increased at acidic pH of 4.5. The maximum release was 80% at 37°C, pH 4.5 after 24 hours.